Synthesis and Thermoluminescent Characterization of Ceramics Materials

The development of novels materials represents a new and fast evolving application of research in physics and medicine. Processing synthesis is critical because it generally controls the final properties of the materials, ceramic forming techniques are generally based on powder processing with powder synthesis, forming and sintering. Moreover, ceramic processing has also to consider other techniques of synthesis and crystal growth, thin films and bulk desirable microstructures and nanostructures architectures. Luminescent of micro and nanostructured ceramics change their luminescent properties, and other topics as well as, temperature sintering process, luminescent properties by diminishing the crystallites size particles. This is closely related to the confinement effects in nano-scale materials. Among the various nano-materials, phosphor powders are attracting considerable attention because of their novel optical properties, which affect emission lifetime, luminescent efficiency. A great variety of different routes for the solution-based preparation of ceramics have been reported in the literature, using a wide range of precursor chemicals (inorganic and metalorganic), media (aqueous or non-aqueous) and methods as chemical precipitation, leading to powder products with a wide range of structure uniform powders. It has been shown that the sol-gel derived ceramics are former in particle size, narrower in particle size distribution, higher in sinterability, and more homogeneous in composition than many of those prepared via other processing routes, then sol-gel method was used to obtain ceramics powder. Precipitation method was the second method used to obtain micro and nanostructured ceramics. When a new luminescent material is proposed as candidate to functional applications, generally, various morphological, structural and functional characteristics is required i.e. crystalline structure, particle sizes, shape geometry, etc. Crystallization treatment is the first routine processes, after this process to perform a sintering processing is necessary in order to stabilize the trap structure. Annealing temperature and time are used to produce the lowest intrinsic background and to obtain the highest efficiency. One field of activities in the field of functional ceramics in luminescence is oriented towards the development of advanced materials and processes for thermoluminescence and functional applications, principally based on radiation physics detection. In this sense, different preparation methods and properties of several TL materials have been studied so far and it was found that metal oxides doped with proper activators constitute a class of promising TL phosphors. In this chapter author try to describes the details of the physics and try to show to different radiation field applications of the ceramics. The TL dosimetry (TLD) technique